1 John 2:11

Authorized King James Version

But he that hateth his brother is in darkness, and walketh in darkness, and knoweth not whither he goeth, because that darkness hath blinded his eyes.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
δὲ
But
but, and, etc
#3
μισῶν
he that hateth
to detest (especially to persecute); by extension, to love less
#4
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
ἀδελφὸν
G80
brother
a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)
#6
αὐτοῦ
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#7
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#8
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
σκοτία
darkness
dimness, obscurity (literally or figuratively)
#10
ἐστὶν
is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#11
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#12
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#13
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
σκοτία
darkness
dimness, obscurity (literally or figuratively)
#15
περιπατεῖ
walketh
to tread all around, i.e., walk at large (especially as proof of ability); figuratively, to live, deport oneself, follow (as a companion or votary)
#16
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#17
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#18
οἶδεν
knoweth
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#19
ποῦ
whither
as adverb of place; at (by implication, to) what locality
#20
ὑπάγει
he goeth
to lead (oneself) under, i.e., withdraw or retire (as if sinking out of sight), literally or figuratively
#21
ὅτι
because
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#22
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#23
σκοτία
darkness
dimness, obscurity (literally or figuratively)
#24
ἐτύφλωσεν
hath blinded
to make blind, i.e., (figuratively) to obscure
#25
τοὺς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#26
ὀφθαλμοὺς
eyes
the eye (literally or figuratively); by implication, vision; figuratively, envy (from the jealous side-glance)
#27
αὐτοῦ
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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